TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS

SMUGGLING OF MIGRANTS

The instrument/international law involved is Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children under UN Convention on Transnational Organised Crime.

The instrument/international law involved is Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Air and Sea under UN Convention on Transnational Organised Crime.

The main element to prove any offence relating to trafficking in persons is exploitation and it may happen in a country without being a cross-border offence. It may also happen at the domestic level.

The important element in the smuggling of migrants is the cross-border occurrence.

Involving the elements of exploitation, manipulation, threat against victims. Continuous and repeated exploitation. 

Involving consent of the smuggled persons and profits for the people smuggling syndicates. The smuggling activity ends upon arrival at the destination.